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給大家介紹一下新能源純(chun)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽車(che)的(de)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)部(bu)件及工作原理，在電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽車(che)上，整車(che)帶有高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)的(de)零(ling)部(bu)件有動(dong)(dong)(dong)力電(dian)池，驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)機(ji)，高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)配電(dian)箱（PDU），電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮機(ji)，DC/DC，OBC，PTC，高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)線束等，這些(xie)部(bu)件組成了整車(che)的(de)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)系統，其中動(dong)(dong)(dong)力電(dian)池，驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)機(ji)，高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)控(kong)制(zhi)系統為純(chun)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽車(che)上的(de)三(san)大核心(xin)部(bu)件。

1、驅動電機(ji)控制器（英文縮寫：MCU）

電(dian)(dian)機控制器MCU將(jiang)高壓直流電(dian)(dian)轉為(wei)(wei)交流電(dian)(dian)，并與整車(che)上(shang)其(qi)他模塊(kuai)進(jin)行(xing)信號(hao)交互，實現對驅(qu)動(dong)電(dian)(dian)機的(de)有效(xiao)控制。電(dian)(dian)機能(neng)量回(hui)收(shou)功能(neng)、逆(ni)變、互鎖、通訊等，驅(qu)動(dong)電(dian)(dian)機讓汽車(che)行(xing)駛。與傳統燃油車(che)的(de)發(fa)動(dong)機將(jiang)燃料燃燒的(de)化學能(neng)轉為(wei)(wei)機械能(neng)不同，其(qi)工作效(xiao)率(lv)更(geng)高，能(neng)達到85%以上(shang)，故相比傳統汽車(che)，其(qi)能(neng)量利用率(lv)更(geng)高，能(neng)夠減少(shao)資源(yuan)的(de)浪費。

2、 高壓配電盒（英文(wen)縮寫(xie)：PDU）

高壓(ya)配(pei)電(dian)盒是(shi)整車高壓(ya)電(dian)的一個電(dian)源(yuan)分(fen)配(pei)的裝置(zhi)，主(zhu)要是(shi)分(fen)配(pei)高壓(ya)電(dian)源(yuan)到(dao)各(ge)個執行器(qi)驅動，類似于(yu)低壓(ya)電(dian)路系統中(zhong)的電(dian)器(qi)保險(xian)盒。高壓(ya)保險(xian)盒PDU（Power Distribution Unit）是(shi)由很多(duo)高壓(ya)繼電(dian)器(qi)，高壓(ya)保險(xian)絲組成(cheng)。協調(diao)驅動電(dian)機控制(zhi)系統，電(dian)池管(guan)理(li)系統， 充(chong)電(dian)管(guan)理(li)系統， DC/DC，電(dian)空調(diao)，電(dian)助力轉向(xiang)，制(zhi)動系統等高壓(ya)附(fu)件的功能轉換(huan)和能量分(fen)配(pei)。高壓(ya)配(pei)電(dian)單元還可以實現短路過載的快速斷電(dian)保護，防漏電(dian)保護等安(an)全(quan)保護功能。

3、DC/DC轉(zhuan)換器

在新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)汽車(che)上(shang)，DC/DC是一(yi)個(ge)將高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)直(zhi)(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)轉為低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)直(zhi)(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)裝置。新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)汽車(che)上(shang)沒有發動(dong)機(ji)，整車(che)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)來源(yuan)(yuan)也(ye)不再是發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)和蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池，而是動(dong)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池和蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池。由于整車(che)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)是低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，因此需要DC/DC裝置來將高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)直(zhi)(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)轉為低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)直(zhi)(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，這樣(yang)才能(neng)夠(gou)保持整車(che)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平衡。

4、車載(zai)充電器（英(ying)文縮寫：OBC）

車載(zai)充電(dian)器是一個將交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)轉(zhuan)為(wei)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)的裝(zhuang)置。因為(wei)動(dong)力(li)電(dian)池是一個高壓直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)源，當使用交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)進(jin)行充電(dian)的時候，交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)不能直(zhi)接(jie)被電(dian)池包進(jin)行電(dian)量(liang)儲存(cun)，因此需要電(dian)源轉(zhuan)換裝(zhuang)置OBC，將高壓交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)轉(zhuan)為(wei)高壓直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)，從而給(gei)動(dong)力(li)電(dian)池進(jin)行充電(dian)儲存(cun)。

5、電池(chi)(chi)包與動(dong)力(li)電池(chi)(chi)管理(li)系統（英(ying)文縮寫BMS）

電動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)與傳(chuan)統的燃油車(che)(che)不(bu)同，新能源(yuan)(yuan)電動(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)的整車(che)(che)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)來源(yuan)(yuan)是(shi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)電池和(he)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)電機，而不(bu)是(shi)發動(dong)(dong)(dong)機。因(yin)為(wei)，純(chun)電動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)直接使用電能，不(bu)需(xu)傳(chuan)統燃油車(che)(che)一樣，將燃料燃燒，將產生的排放物排進大氣，也因(yin)此，為(wei)了減少環境污染，新能源(yuan)(yuan)汽(qi)車(che)(che)的發展是(shi)國家(jia)積極(ji)扶(fu)持的。

動力電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓一般為400V左右，其輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)流能夠(gou)達到300A，車型不同其電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和電(dian)(dian)(dian)流也(ye)不一樣。僅供大(da)家參考！動力電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的容量的大(da)小直接影響(xiang)(xiang)到整(zheng)車的續航里程，同時也(ye)直接影響(xiang)(xiang)到充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間與(yu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)效率。目(mu)前鋰離(li)子動力電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)是(shi)主流，受目(mu)前技術的影響(xiang)(xiang)，當前絕大(da)部的汽車均采用鋰離(li)子動力電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。