新(xin)能源汽車電(dian)池(chi)(chi)種(zhong)類(lei)分為四大類(lei),分別是鉛酸電(dian)池(chi)(chi)、鎳鎘電(dian)池(chi)(chi)和鎳氫電(dian)池(chi)(chi)以及三元鋰電(dian)池(chi)(chi)和石墨烯電(dian)池(chi)(chi)。
鉛酸電池
鉛酸(suan)電池(chi)作為比(bi)較成熟的技術,因其成本較低,而且能(neng)夠高倍率(lv)放電,依然(ran)是唯(wei)一可供大批量(liang)(liang)生產的電動(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)用(yong)電池(chi)。北京(jing)奧運(yun)會(hui)(hui)時,有(you)20輛使用(yong)鉛酸(suan)電池(chi)的電動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)(che),為奧運(yun)會(hui)(hui)提供交通服(fu)務(wu)。但是鉛酸(suan)電池(chi)的比(bi)能(neng)量(liang)(liang)、比(bi)功(gong)率(lv)和能(neng)量(liang)(liang)密度(du)都很低,以此為動(dong)(dong)力(li)源的電動(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)不可能(neng)擁有(you)良(liang)好(hao)的車(che)(che)速及續航(hang)里程。
鎳鎘電(dian)池和(he)鎳氫電(dian)池
雖然性能好于鉛酸電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi),但含有重金屬(shu),使用(yong)遺棄(qi)后對(dui)環境(jing)會(hui)造(zao)成污染。鎳(nie)(nie)(nie)氫動(dong)(dong)力(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)剛剛進入成熟期,是(shi)目(mu)前混合動(dong)(dong)力(li)汽車(che)所用(yong)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)體(ti)系中(zhong)唯一被實際驗證并(bing)被商(shang)業(ye)化、規模化的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)體(ti)系,現有混合動(dong)(dong)力(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)99%的(de)(de)市場份額為 鎳(nie)(nie)(nie)氫動(dong)(dong)力(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi),商(shang)業(ye)化的(de)(de)代表是(shi)豐田的(de)(de)普銳斯。目(mu)前全(quan)球主(zhu)要(yao)的(de)(de)汽車(che)動(dong)(dong)力(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)廠商(shang)主(zhu)要(yao)有日本(ben)的(de)(de)PEVE和 Sanyo,PEVE占(zhan)據全(quan)球Hybrid動(dong)(dong)力(li)車(che)用(yong)鎳(nie)(nie)(nie)氫電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)85%的(de)(de)市場份額,目(mu)前主(zhu)要(yao)的(de)(de)商(shang)業(ye)化的(de)(de)混合動(dong)(dong)力(li)汽車(che)如豐田的(de)(de)Prius、Alphard和 EsTIma,以及本(ben)田的(de)(de)Civic,Insight等均采用(yong)PEVE的(de)(de)鎳(nie)(nie)(nie)氫動(dong)(dong)力(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組。在我(wo)國,長安杰勛、奇(qi)瑞(rui)A5、一汽奔(ben)騰、通用(yong)君悅等品(pin)牌(pai)轎車(che)已經(jing) 在示(shi)范運行(xing),他們采用(yong)的(de)(de)也都(dou)是(shi)鎳(nie)(nie)(nie)氫電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi),不過電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)主(zhu)要(yao)向(xiang)國外(wai)采購(gou),國內鎳(nie)(nie)(nie)氫電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在汽車(che)上的(de)(de)運用(yong)仍處(chu)于研發(fa)匹配階段。
三元鋰(li)電池和石墨烯(xi)電池
是指(zhi)正極材料使用(yong)鋰(li)鎳鈷錳(meng)三元正極材料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。相對(dui)(dui)(dui)于鈷酸(suan)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)安全性高,但是電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓太(tai)低。能(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)密度介(jie)于磷酸(suan)鐵鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)和鈷酸(suan)鋰(li)18650電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)之(zhi)間。未來(lai)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)汽(qi)車電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展趨勢,適合北方的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)天(tian)氣,低溫時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)更加穩定。鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)內添加石(shi)墨(mo)(mo)烯(xi),可以幫助(zhu)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)降(jiang)低產(chan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱量(liang),達(da)到(dao)減少能(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)損失的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),最終避免大量(liang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)被浪費,同時(shi)也能(neng)(neng)(neng)減少熱量(liang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損害(hai),提高電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)壽命(ming)。墨(mo)(mo)烯(xi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)普及(ji)將(jiang)(jiang)會是電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飛(fei)躍,一旦石(shi)墨(mo)(mo)烯(xi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)應用(yong)到(dao)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)汽(qi)車上(shang),對(dui)(dui)(dui)整個汽(qi)車行業將(jiang)(jiang)是顛(dian)覆性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改變(bian)。
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